(This section is probably more than you ever wanted to know about
Anal Glands!)
What Are The Anal Glands?
The anal glands (more properly termed the anal sacs) are two sac-like structures
located just under the skin near the anus in both cats and dogs. These sacs periodically fill with a
thick, foul smelling secretion known as anal gland secretion (or anal sac
secretion). Under normal circumstances a small amount of this secretion
(discharge) is expelled from the gland each time the pet defecates (poops).
The main problems the anal glands can have are (1) impaction; (2) infection
and abcess; (3) rupture; and (4) tumors. Impaction, by far the most
common problem, is the "plugging-up" or "stopping-up" of the anal
glands. Sometimes the outlet (called the duct) of the anal gland becomes stopped-up
and the gland fails to empty properly. This usually leads to discomfort (from the
accumulating pressure) and will sometimes lead to infection.
Though the signs will vary from case to case, common signs of impaction
are: (1) scooting on the rear end; (2) licking the region around the anal glands; (3) reluctance
(sometimes) in defecating (often resembling true constipation); and (4)
discomfort (sometimes) when the area is touched. Occasionally, a dog can have
an impaction and not show us any of these signs. Also, these symptoms
(scooting, licking the rear area, etc.) can be signs of other problems on occasion
too (such as worms, skin infection, stool. adhered to the fur, etc.) so it's
important that we examine the patient to determine exactly what the problem
is.
In uncomplicated cases, treatment for impaction usually consists of squeezing the glands to help them express.
You should have your dog's anal glands expressed (or express them yourself) as
often as needed. Some dogs never need the anal glands expressed while some
need them expressed as frequently as every couple of weeks. On the average,
dogs under 15 lbs need the anal glands expressed about every couple of months. It's a good idea to have your groomer express the anal glands along
with routine grooming (or have us do it).
